The Teacher That Taught Me the Most

What Teacher Got Me Hooked on Learning? I’ve experienced a lot of educators that have helped me learn. There is just one however, that lady has experienced such a great amount of worry in her life. Her name is Mrs. Jackson. She was my Eighth Grade Advanced Language Arts instructor. She truly made me need to learn. Mrs. Jackson truly made a decent attempt to get children to adapt however she would not make any child do a thing. She showed me how to be increasingly free on my work and that I need to take things like my class work and not simply be given things as of now done.Mrs. Jackson made me assume control over things with my learning. She made things to where you needed to do thing child your own, and demonstrated me the method of accomplishing free work. Like giving us an article venture, instructing us to do it then simply giving us a brief and simply letting our inventive personalities meander indiscriminately. Her analysis let there still have space for our plan to at p resent be there yet by and by have it depicted in an expert manner. I recollect that if there was a part in my exposition she would give it back and state there’s a piece fix it.I adored that she would reveal to me where it is yet didn’t disclose to me how to fix it, giving me space to take in and develop from my error. In the event that you inquired as to whether we needed to accomplish something she would state no yet on the off chance that you need to get through my group I recommend you do. Her amusingness was there however she was as yet harsh. I think she is instructional; she gave me that vibe of that definitely known regard that she didn’t need to request it was only as of now there. It was a given in her group what she needed and that caused me to feel more regard for her, he initiative made me regard her more. She would possibly regard you in the event that you regarded her that was exactly how it was.I consistently had the most extreme regard for her and that is still there despite the fact that I don’t have her class any longer. To get directly to the point I’m utilizing a portion of her strategies to compose this paper right now. She instructed things that stuck for me. She generally reminded us to not rehash such a large number of words in our exposition, now and again it is extremely perceptible. She truly assisted with my entire view on English, my perusing and everything around there. Everything was such a great amount of simpler after her group. The books we read in her group were great. I cherished her class and she truly got me into learning.

Broken Window Theory

Broken Window Theory Free Online Research Papers Fixing Broken Windows was composed by George L. Kelling and Catherine M. Coles to clarify the â€Å"Broken Windows† hypothesis made by George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson. The â€Å"Broken Windows† hypothesis expresses that if a window breaks in a relinquished structure in an area and it isn't fixed, at that point more windows will be broken and spray painting will happen. Thus, this will make genuine individuals reluctant to leave their homes, and just the devilish individuals who need to raise a ruckus will be out on the roads stinking destruction. Therefore creating wrongdoing. Fixing Broken Windows offers an exceptionally dried up however influential gander at how to change the cutting edge criminal equity framework by taking a gander at three unique viewpoints: the ascent of crime percentages in the 1960’s; the way that the police are in a receptive job; and how the â€Å"broken windows† hypothesis really functions. The creators express that in the 1960’s the association among dread and confusion was perceived. Individuals felt that they had less barriers against wrongdoing. As opposed to moving out of the areas, residents bought firearms, blades, and creatures to shield them from hoodlums. Decrease and rot expanded in numerous urban communities. Mobs made individuals center around clutter. Individuals dreaded going to parks since they had become undermining places. Americans whites and blacks fled the downtown for suburbia. The ones that didn't buy weapons or creatures secured themselves their homes and possibly left when completely fundamental. Individuals became alarmed on the grounds that the vicious crime percentages had dramatically multiplied. There was an expansion in conviction rates for guys ages seventeen through twenty-one, saw as liable of criminal acts. Additionally, the 60’s welcomed on a more noteworthy resistance for new thoughts, equivalent rights issues and indiv idual articulation. In any case, during the 60s there was a national financial decay that caused joblessness and disdain among a large number of the residents all through the nation. Notwithstanding these variables, there was the more prominent perceivability of youth and youth tolerance. Likewise, there was less blue-penciled media. More ladies started working outside the home. Separation rates developed which caused increasingly broken homes then previously. The air of the 60s was one of dynamic nightlife. The nation had recouped from the war and the 60s was a prosperous time for America. The creators likewise express that the police are currently in a responsive job. This implies they react to wrongdoing, as opposed to forestalling it. Cops halted foot watch and started reacting to 911 calls. Numerous individuals advocate the rebuilding of foot watch for all zones. Foot watching is called network policing and comprises of two components network organization and critical thinking. The police must build positive associations with residents to improve wrongdoing control and counteraction. To be fruitful, network policing programs must work on a local scale, discovering answers for neighborhood issues. Effective projects perceive that something, which functions admirably in one neighborhood, might be absolutely unseemly for another. Issues must be recognized and arrangements created each area in turn. Network Policing doesn't suggest that we quit battling wrongdoing and turmoil, yet that officials utilize new and creative procedures. We should turn out to be genius dynam ic in preventive instead of receptive. Requirement is a lot of a piece of the idea. Officials are urged to give admonitions at whatever point conceivable; in any case, they are as yet required to make traffic stops and captures. There is as yet an accentuation on smashed driving, medications and adolescent wrongdoing. The people group ought not have the mixed up recognition that all implementation has halted in light of the fact that the officials are by and large well disposed. Basically, the â€Å"Broken Windows says that in the event that something isn't halted while it is little, at that point it will develop and develop until it is wild. The hypothesis is really a mix of a few angles. To start with, the network is liable for the crime percentage. The residents are to attempt to forestall wrongdoing in their individual neighborhoods and along these lines will ensure society. Besides, the cops should be increasingly proactive in forestalling wrongdoing. The cops need to get out and accomplish the difficult work of foot watching and network policing. Thirdly, it is a representation used to show how individuals can get engaged with the criminal equity framework. To adequately shield society from dread and turmoil, cops, networks, and the criminal equity framework should all cooperate, to decrease and at last take out dread and confusion. Fixing Broken Windows gives a powerful record of how to fix the cutting edge issues in our networks concerning wrongdoing. I do concur with the creators when they state that a lion's share of the dread and confusion originates from the responsive jobs of the cops. On the off chance that they were out by walking watch, wrongdoing would be decreased. I likewise feel that the networks themselves should be progressively proactive with regards to wrongdoing. Guardians need to control their youngsters and secure their neighbor hoods. I do believe that all networks ought to authorize the â€Å"Broken Windows† hypothesis; they would see a sensational drop in their crime percentages and not simply their revealed crime percentages. I would prompt anybody worried about the crime percentage in their locale to peruse Fixing Broken Windows; Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities by George M. Kelling and Catherine M. Coles. Research Papers on Broken Window TheoryThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresHip-Hop is ArtRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on Children

IT Project Risk Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

IT Project Risk Management - Research Paper Example Moreover, productive and fruitful task the executives requires successful administration of all roads that carry vulnerability into the venture. The paper is organized into stages that plot how undertaking hazard the board typology can be accomplished adequately. The stages incorporate the characterize stage, center stage, distinguish issue-stage, Structure the Issues stage, Clarify proprietorship stage, Estimate Variability stage, Evaluate Overall Implications stage, and oversee usage stage. As of now, information has been reserved as an essential fixing to imaginative organizations and to their general target of keeping up an upper hand over their opponents. Specifically, information has become a significant factor in the advancement of dynamic key abilities, just as the vocal point for organizations to meet their worldwide aspirations (Talet, Zin and Houari, 2014). IT, specifically, has become a significant device taking all things together significant segments, and any association will exceptionally feel the effect of any disappointment of IT anticipate the executives on upper hand. California Technology Agency (2011) declares that the vast majority of the business directors are not privy of the extent IT-related dangers in ventures the board a firm will be uncovered. The vast majority of these directors are just ready to get familiar with its estimation related dangers after they have registered the measure of harm the hazard has realized. As per Leong California Tec hnology Agency, (2011) past research contemplates have basically been worried about how compelling IT-related dangers might be broke down and made up for. In this manner, it would be basic for IT directors continually to grasp the comprehensive perspective on IT anticipate chance administration as opposed to simply concentrating just on money related issues. There exist minimal exact research contemplates indicating the right method of taking care of the administration of the IT-related tasks dangers during the starting of the undertaking. Despite the fact that a bunch of studies have been done with respect to I.T venture chance

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Research Paper - 550 Words

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (Research Paper Sample) Content: Analysis of the Efficacy of Antibiotics on ventilator associated pneumoniaStudent Name:Instructor:Efficacy of antibiotics on ventilator associated pneumoniaThe ProblemVentilator-associated pneumonia is a problem that interferes with the course of treatment for critically ill patients. These mainly consist of patients who are placed under mechanically supported ventilation system. The life-threatening condition usually correlates with decreased survival rate for the patient. Several measures like the emphasis on improved hand hygiene in hospital workers have improve control of VAP. However, further research and clinical trials will achieve maximum eradication of VAP-associated mortalities. It is important to note that most endogenous infections found on critically ill patients are associated to pathogens acquired during the duration of stay in the ICU (Melsen, Rovers, and Bonten, 2009).Intervention/Trial TreatmentThe proposed treatment trial entails testing the effecti veness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) as a means of controlling the effects of VAP. The SDD regimen aims at selectively eradicating PPM present in the oral cavity. The regimen will achieve decontamination of the stomach by use of non-absorbable antibiotics. Eradication of PPM will happen through the application of an antibiotic gel or paste to the oral cavity. The proposed SDD trial treatment will also encompass an improved hand hygiene recipe by health workers. The treatment module relies on the fact that most infections associated with critically ill patients are endogenous in origin (Morrow, Kollef, and Casale, 2010).Comparison TreatmentThis mode of treatment compares well with the use of probiotics as well as the use of selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD). Recent studies have shown that a well administered dosage of probiotics effectively reduces secondary colonization of lower and upper parts of the digestive system. SOD is a useful method i n the improvement of oral hygiene and effective control of VAP (Bouza and Burillo, 2009). Comparison of the two treatment modules reveal that application of oral decontaminants on mechanically ventilated patients correlates with reduced incidences of VAP.Expected OutcomeEffective prophylactic use of these antibiotics will effectively reduce incidences of VAP in critically ill patients. Indeed, the application of SDD regimen is expected to prevent the carriage of pathogens with an intrinsic pathogenicity index (IPI) of 1 by a great margin (Chan, Ruest, Meade, and Cook 2010). The outcome of the trial treatment is also expected to provide insight on the effectiveness of a short course of system antibiotics...

Limited Time Between The Nurse - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1660 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Diabetes Essay Did you like this example? From the above literature review, it is evident that nurses play a significant role in the management of diabetes. One of them is that nurses Offer support services to the diabetes patients since self-management is a complex process which requires professional input. According to Bostrm et al (2014), the role of the professional nurse has been altered in order to offer a patient-centered care to the diabetes patients. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Limited Time Between The Nurse" essay for you Create order It asserts that the role of the nurse has been subdivided into two main distinct categories which include ambivalence towards practicing patient-centered care and bolster relationships with the patient. This was based on three themes which include withdrawal from expertise, inconveniences of altering the routines as well as the insights that patient-centered care is hard to partake but it is possible to attain its objectives. Furthermore, the authors indicated that nurses enrich diabetes patients with the courage to openly discuss the adverse effects of diabetes and ensure that there is close engagement between the patient and the nurse on a daily basis. Also, Moser et al. (2008) assert that self-management among the diabetes patients is a dynamic and complex process that is highly dependent on the unique life situation of an individual. Therefore, in order to achieve a better health outcome among the diabetes patients, there is a need for the diabetes specialist nurses as well as the caregivers to support the patient in self-managing diabetes condition. This helps in attaining quality health outcome among the diabetes patients due to the close relationships established. Nurses also play a critical in educating the patients and other family members especially for the children with diabetes type 1. Children who are diagnosed with diabetes are hospitalized where the family members and the children will get initial diabetes education while in the hospital setting (Sy, V. (2016). As cited by Sy (2016), Nettles (2005) indicated that when the blood glucose of the children have been stabilized and acidosis corrected, the patient can be allowed to go home specifically after three days. Due to the limited time between the nurse, the patient and the family members, it makes it hard to achieve the desired education that ensures effective self-management. The patient will, therefore, go home without adequate support hence making the transition to home difficult (Sy, 2016). Furthermore, according to Lawton (2009), it was not easy to achieve holistic acre among the diabetes patients as they perceive nurses as not always present for other health illnesses. This makes the patient not to take much attention to the guidelines given by the nurses since the reassurance by the healthcare professional helps them believe that their condition is well controlled. Since the clinical nurse specialist is the only healthcare practitioner that is relied on for providing education to the patient and the family members, it makes it hard to achieve the specific health care goals which include adequate support and smooth transition to home. However, given the challenges that are faced by the patients in transiting to home and inadequate support from the nurses, most of the nurses have been trained on multidisciplinary collaborations especially on the aspect of the protocol. The clinical nurse specialists, therefore, have come up with the diabetes resource cart that comprises all the necessary tools for diabetes education (Sy 2016). These materials are made available to the nurses and are outcome oriented. It is through this that nurse confidence in the treatment of diabetes will increase. While it is hard for many people to achieve the treatment targets if diabetes which makes it at a higher risk of complications, there are various methods that can be applied by the nurses to address these challenges. Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases which requires the use of advanced therapy and effective communication and feedback to ensure successful self-management (Ceriello et al2012). Furthermore, the authors indicated that nurses can use the individual profile to enhance adherence to therapy among the diabetes patients to improve outcomes of treatments. The suggested approaches include the use of the six-step cycle for the personalized self-management of diabetes as well as the collaborative use of the structured blood sugar data. Nonetheless, nurses can use the electronic health solutions which allow for effective communication between the nurse and the diabetes patients in the remote areas which cannot be reached easily. Also, other facilitators that help nurses attain self-management of diabetes include algorithms and support tools which help them in making informed decisions regarding the condition of the diabetes patient. In as much as nurses play a significant role in various aspects regarding the diabetes care, there is a gap that exists in the inpatient diabetes. In this regard, there are no clear relationships between the clinical specialties, employment status, age, level of education and the knowledge score (Modic et al., 2014). This means that nurses do not have confidence and are not fully prepared to make decisions regarding the patient care or even offer survival skills for those patients suffering from diabetes in the hospital. It is through this that will affect the self-management of the patients with diabetes in the sense that nurses are not fully prepared to address the challenges that face them. This results in low health outcome among the diabetes patients which makes it hard to manage. However, treatment of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia can help reduce the mortality and morbidity in the people affected by diabetes (Zgibor et al 2014). Moreover, the authors indicated that the certified diabetes educators can help in offering a cost-effective strategy for managing diabetes. The tool, therefore, ensures timely diagnosis of type 2 diabetes which prompts the application of effective strategies which include education and support for the patient hence a better healthcare outcome. The interventions applied by the nurses offer better improvements as compared to the normal care for the smoking cessation, serum triglyceride and HbA1c apart from enhancing the independent role of professional nurses in the management of diabetes (Daly, Tian Scragg, 2017). In this case, nurses have played an important role in the management of diabetes which includes educating patients about the condition and lifestyle changes that they should take into consideration for effective management of the condition. Nonetheless, nurses also guide patients in the self-management of the condition to eliminate the risk factors which are associated with the diabetes complications (Daly, Tian Scragg, 2017). Alotaibi et al (2017) indicated that an actual knowledge among the nurses helps in the management of diabetes as compared to the perceived knowledge. It is so because the indicators of high levels knowledge provide ways in which nurses can teach people how to manage diabetes. Nurses help in empowering the diabetics. This is through the enhancement of glycemic control as well as the life of the diabetes patients which necessitates a mix of education and treatment methods that can help in the management of the disease (Peymani et al., 2008). Several studies (Peimani, Monjamed Asgharpoor, 2006) indicates that the dimensions of life quality specifically the physical activity, as well as the feeling of wellbeing, is worse for the diabetics as compared to those that are healthy. Therefore, nurses require adequate knowledge to assist in providing adequate care for the diabetics or those that are at high risk of getting diabetic. Due to this, nurses play an important role in ensuring that diabetics are empowered to manage diabetes effectively by offering appropriate information to the patient and the family members through consultations (Fireman, Bartlett Selby 2004). According to Khoshniat et al, offering proper education to the healthcare providers will not only enhance perfection and knowledge of the children about diabetes but instead, it enhances the quality of care provided at healthcare system (Khoshniat et al 2007). Finally, some studies have indicated that nurses are the major contributors to the enhanced quality of care accorded to the diabetics in the last two decades (Rafique Shaikh 2006). Given the important roles of the nurses in the self-management of diabetes among the patients, it is imperative to have a better understanding of the challenges that affect nurses in ensuring effective delivery of their services to the patients. To properly deliver quality care to the patients, there is a need for the nurses to be open minded so that issues such as cultural practices and beliefs do not adversely influence their role in the management of diabetes. Given the increased cases of the lifestyle diseases, there is need to empower nurses in various ways to enable them to educate and help patients with diabetes. By so doing, it will ensure a society that is free from diabetes and other lifestyle diseases which can be avoided by empowering nurses. In the light of this literature review, there is strong connection between the theoretical framework themes of this study and the findings of reviewed articles. For instance, the study that is conducted by Moser et al (2008) correlates with one of the main components of Pender?s model and Orem?s self-care theory. The findings by Moser et al (2008) show that participants experience their autonomy, which is an essential component in both theories, through performing their diabetic self-management. Self-management is a set of activities that enables health care providers to understand and support patients autonomy. Also, Moser et al (2008) stated that self-management is divided into three main categories accordingly to the findings. Daily self-management (daily routine of self-care) and Off-course self-management (actions in case of acute complication of diabetes) could fit under Orems self-care theory because these actions enable patient to maintain their daily functioning and meet their self-care demands. However, the third category, Preventive self-management, embodies Penders model of Health promotion which focuses on prevention of any complication by changing certain behaviors in favour of optimal outcomes and maintaining the commitment to take action against any decrease in persons life quality. All articles insisted on the importance of patient education in self-management of diabetes as well on necessity of implementing patient-centered care. In this regard also both theories put self-care and continuing patient education as an optimal mechanism to enhance individual?s life quality.

Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight

Sherman Alexie’s The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven is a collection of short stories about the lives of the people who live on the Spokane Indian Reservation. The central protagonist of the story is Victor Joseph who we see in many short stories and thus see the plight Native Americans go through in modern day America. The novel shows us the many trials that the people of the Reservation go through and addresses the many serious problems that modern Native Americans face, such as racism, alcoholism, poverty, limited educational opportunities, and being geographical isolated. Ultimately the state of affairs that the modern Native American race goes through stems from the historical events of European colonialism as well as modern day popular culture. One of the major problems that modern Native Americans face are the Americanization or â€Å"white washing† of their culture. This is caused by technology as well as the isolation of the reservation compared to the outside world. â€Å"Still, Indians have a way of surviving. But it’s almost like Indians can easily survive the big stuff. Mass murder, loss of language and land rights. It’s the small things that hurt the most. The white waitress who wouldn’t take an order, Tonto, the Washington Redskin† (The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven E-Book Chapter 5). This passage gives context to the book’s title. Tonto was a character from the very old and popular 1950s radio and television series The Lone Ranger. In fact TontoShow MoreRelatedSherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight1362 Words   |  6 Pagesbelonging to either. The world they were born into had been taken from them and the new, white-washed world wouldn’t h ave them. Even after the removal of such schools, the effect remained. This is true of the Native Americans in Sherman Alexie’s The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. These characters have had their sense of self stripped away by invasive white culture. However, by telling stories they are able to slowly reclaim their Indian identity. Stories conjure up memories of the past, butRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight 1233 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven† the theme of resilience is deliberately presented. Native Americans past and present continue to face stifling issues such as racism, alcoholism, isolation and suicide. Sherman Alexie makes it his obligation in his stories and poems to show Native American resiliency through humor. By using his characters to show resiliency through humor Alexie presents humor as an integral part of Native American survival. In Sherman Alexie’s best workRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight 932 Words   |  4 PagesThe short story The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven lets us know that Sherman Alexie is a Native American poet, novelist, and performer. Sherman Alexie s key characteristics to his writing are irony and dark humor. Sherman Alexie’s main focus in his writing is his experience as a Native American. â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven† is a short story that talks about his relationship with a white woman. There is also a lot of contrast between the way Native Americans are seenRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1598 Words   |  7 Pageshas been shown through Sherman Alexie’s Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. In this novel, he attempts to shed light on the struggles Native American people, specifically on the Spokane Reservation, withstand through multiple stories and perspectives. Some novels, if their perspective of truth has not been taken into account, still affect people in their everyday lives, albeit major or minor. While all novels do have lessons, whether they be good or bad,  an author s obligation to tell theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight 1116 Words   |  5 PagesEdwards Newman 10/26/14 Essay 2 ENC 1102 (Green 2) In his stories Sherman Alexie’s humor, portays a role that helps bring people together,Alexie s sophisticated use of humor unsettles conventional ways of thinking and helps brain growth, which allows Indian characters to connect to their heritage in ways and forces non-Indian readers to reconsider their ideas on them. â€Å"The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven† by Sherman Alexie is a humorously told, short story detailing the struggle of an AmericanRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthis can be shown through Sherman Alexie’s Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. In this novel, he attempts to shed light of the struggles Native American people, specifically on the Spokane Reservation, withstand through multiple stories and perspectives. Some novels, if their perspective of truth is not taken into account, still affect people in their every day lives, albeit major or minor. While all novels do have lessons, whether they be good or bad,  an author s obligation to tell the truthRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight 1242 Words   |  5 Pagesone self-identifies. The dominant culture sets the values and expectations of society ideals. When one tries to silently assimi late into the dominant culture without losing their heritage a Hybrid is created. Sherman Alexie’s combination of short stories, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven, highlights the many struggles Native Americans face within their culture while trying to fit into the White culture. The telling of these stories reveals the Hybridity Native Americans have become;Read MoreAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight 2477 Words   |  10 PagesIn Sherman Alexie’s novel, The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven(1993), nearly all of the characters suffer from alcoholism. Those who do not drink, cannot escape the external backlash from an alcoholic environment. Through the stories of the characters in the book, both on and off the reservation, the author is able to distinguish arguments for and against the white people on whether or not they are to blame for the problems Native Americans have faced related to alcoholism. The fate ofRead Mo reAnalysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1435 Words   |  6 Pageslegendary warriors of the past. As times change and the days of Indian and cowboy battles are behind us; how is it possible for a warrior to still be relevant in the modern day? Sherman Alexie expresses this idea of a modern-day warrior in his book The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. Many times, throughout the book Alexie brings up the idea of warriors and uses their actions to portray them to seem noble. Multiple characters in the book want to change their current outlook on life and breakRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Sherman Alexie s The Lone Ranger And Tonto Fistfight Heaven 1448 Words   |  6 PagesHumor: Sherman Alexie’s Comic Connections and Disconnections in The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven,† the author Joseph L. Coulombe, writes about the humor used in Sherman Alexie’s short stories. Coulombe argues that in Sherman Alexieâ⠂¬â„¢s stories that humor is essential for character development and the creation of bonds between these characters. He often makes statements discussing how humor allows Alexie’s characters to show strength and connect to their Indian heritage. â€Å"The Lone Ranger

Luminiferous by High On Fire free essay sample

High On Fire is a sludge or stoner metal band that have formed around the early 2000s. Considering their popularity, they are one of the most respected bands in the metal community with many of their fans seeing as if they have made little to no mistakes in their music and yes, if they have a problem with one thing, its making a bad song or album by any means. But that just leaves for some extra enjoyment for the rest of us. Luminiferous includes a slight change when compared to some of their previous works which is speed. Dont worry however because you can still make sludgy styled thrash metal because youre High On Fire for one, and two because you can basically use some magic voodoo trickery of layering your guitar and bass recordings, and downtuning the heck out of it. With such a beefy sound, its kind of hard not to like this band truthfully. We will write a custom essay sample on Luminiferous by High On Fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The inclusion of 10 tracks adding up to about 54 minutes in length means that it has a good amount of time for something special, and they save all the sludge for the end tracks like The Cave and Luminiferous. Not to say the more thrashy songs like Slave The Hive, The Falconist, and Carcosa arent bad, far from that. In fact, I almost guarantee youll like both sides of this album whether or not youre familiar with the thrash/sludge part in the first half. There could be some flaws, there are some small ones actually, but theyre so small its hard to really pinpoint from here. I guess one of them is the transition between the first two tracks, Im almost certain Carcosa starts out the same as the first one, which ultimately confuses me. The writing for these tracks are great, its heavy, its sludgy and hey, most people are high up on this on and for good reason too. I really wasnt hoping it would be as good as it actually is. I give this a 9.5/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Todays Male Essays - Gender, Gender Role, Gender Inequality

Today's Male Introduction: Socialization For the most part, societies (a group of people which have common traditions, interests and institutions) have a large impact on the development of gender. Children grow up to learn from their parents, their neighbor, the baker down the road and it is this understanding of the world which constructs their lives. There is socialization in general (the learning that neophytes do in order to become functioning members of society), and [there is] gender socialization in particular (the processes through which people learn to be feminine and masculine) (Mackie, 1987:74). This research paper will deal with men in three fundamental areas of their lives: work, intimate relationships and family. To do this, the paper will only deal with men who have gone through socialization in general and who are in the changing process of gender socialization. An infant or child has a crucial need for experience with other human beings for its survival as a physical being and its development as a social being (Mackie, 1987:77). In most societies, for the large part, males have grown up learning or expected to be a dominant figure, one with the power and independence (Doyle, 1989:108). In today's modern society, males are not only affected by family, friends or neighbors; they are now heavily influenced by other mediums, such as, TV, music, movies, sports, books (fairy tales), and magazines. These are but a few influences which help shape the modern male. Men in the Workplace: Work occupies on average 40 hours a week, it therefore plays a considerably large role in peoples' lives. The Feminist movement showed, along with other issues, that it was the environment and structure of the workplace, which affected society a great deal. The Feminist movement highlighted the harsh reality of gender inequality in our society. Consequently, there seems to be an overwhelming consensus that males dominate, and have always dominated in the workplace. The reason for this unbalanced structure, as James Doyle suggests, seems to have validity when one looks at male's extreme sense of competitiveness. Competition and winning are considered masculine characteristics in our society (Doyle, 1989:168). However, competition allows for only one winner. This competitive spirit forces men to think that everything of value and worth in the world is limited or comes in fixed quantities (Doyle, 1989:169). If men grow up learning that competition and independence (as mentioned earlier) is masculine, then having a job and providing, validates men. Men will compete at all costs to provide the best for his family. Being a good provider stipulates that the more goods a male provides for his family's material well-being, the more successful (that is, masculine) he is (Doyle, 1989:173). Perhaps males assertion of masculinity through their job is a defense, a way of insisting on the exclusion of women to protect specific jobs and more general job skills from increased competition (women) (Nelson & Robinson, 1995:183). Men not only have to compete with other males, but now have to compete with women at the workplace, this in turn applies tremendous pressure on today's male. Because of this pressure, politics, sexuality, family responsibilities, and intimate relationships between the two genders have become more tenuous. Males in Intimate Relationships: Men do not want to lose at their job and they bring this mentality into their intimate relationships. This makes men less likely to express their feelings; he would be weak or unmanly if he did so. If men view themselves as independent, then he is less practised at recognizing others', and consequently his own emotions (Buchbinder, 1987:55). For many men, sex focuses these feelings and becomes the only manner of expressing them (Buchbinder, 1987:55). Relationships today are demanding, they are to be equal in all aspects; men are asked to be more expressive, have more involvement in childcare (as we will see later), and equality in domestic work (Buchbinder, 1987:60). In fact, husbands generally have more power and influence in a marriage than wives do (Doyle, 1989:246). Although men have more power, many men feel compelled to 'bad mouth' marriage, often with fellow married friends (Doyle, 1989:248). Despite this apparent inconsistency, men seem to benefit from relationships more than do women (Doyle, 1989:248). According to Doyle, there are several benefits from

3 Easy Ways to Write More Concisely

3 Easy Ways to Write More Concisely 3 Easy Ways to Write More Concisely 3 Easy Ways to Write More Concisely By Mark Nichol Writers can employ various categorical strategies to make their writing more active and concise. Here are three simple types of unnecessary wording to keep in mind (and out of one’s writing). 1. Extinguish Expletives An expletive is an indirect phrase that only delays a reader’s acquaintance with the writer’s point. Expletives include â€Å"There is,† â€Å"there are,† â€Å"there was,† and â€Å"there were,† as well as any of these phrases with it substituting for there. It is not necessary to always delete expletives, as the current sentence demonstrates, but they should be employed judiciously. In most cases, simply sweep the expletive away and begin with a subject, as in revision of â€Å"There are other steps a company can take before an economic downturn to protect against its impact† to â€Å"A company can take other steps before an economic downturn to protect against its impact.† 2. Adjust Adjectives to Adverbs Business-speak, when rendered as text, is often notoriously stilted and verbose. One class of wordy wording often found in business writing is represented by such adjective-noun phrases as â€Å"on a daily basis,† which is easily replaced by the adverbial form of the adjective (which in this case is identical: daily). Regarding similar usage, â€Å"This issue will be resolved on a case-by-case basis† is easily converted to â€Å"This issue will be resolved case by case.† (Again, the replacement is identical, though the hyphens are now superfluous.) Sometimes, the writer must replace the adjective, as in the case of timely, which is seldom used as an adverb and does not stand as such on its own: To render â€Å"in a timely manner† more concise, for example, simply substitute promptly. 3. Avoid Adjectives Some adjectives and adverbs themselves are extraneous. Such qualifiers as currently and different almost never contribute to comprehension. For example, in â€Å"We are currently accepting applications,† the verb are clearly represents that acceptance of application is a current state, meaning that currently serves no useful purpose, and â€Å"These shirts come in seven different colors† provides no more information than â€Å"These shirts come in seven colors,† and different can therefore be omitted without negative consequences. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?Italicizing Foreign WordsPhrasal Verbs and Phrasal Nouns

Airplanes Designs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Airplanes Designs - Essay Example However, the major concern of the aircrafts that were designed in the early 20th century, starting with the breakthrough that was made by the Wright brothers who developed the first full operational aircraft in 1903, was to develop an aircraft that was lighter than air (Anderson, 12). Therefore, the ancient designs focused on making lighter aircrafts, and therefore entailed the changes in the materials used to make the aircrafts. Further, the aircraft design influences the performance of the aircrafts by further introducing new performance requirements, especially during the first world war, when it became apparent that there was no way the war could have been won without air combat. As a result, the war crafts were designed to consist greater maneuverability, coupled with high speed and ability to fly high altitudes (Stokes, 147). Later, the design influenced the size of aircrafts, towards making large aircrafts to fly, while also allowing heavy loads to be flown in their air, witho ut the impact of the weight of the aircraft brining the air craft down (Wragg, 31). Thus, simply put, the design of the aircraft affect the performance of the airplane through determining the speed, maneuverability, load and weight capacity, usage for example in wars and he safety of the aircraft while taking off, flying and landing. How designs changed over the time The ancient Airplane Designs entailed the use of twin tractor propellers as their engine, and a fitted horizontal tail, while the aircraft was powered by compressed air, with the aircraft being fitted with an air tank that acted as a fuselage (Anderson, 7). This was later advanced to a single flight engine that was developed by the Wright brothers for their aircraft, which was fitted with 2 hp water-cooled four-cylinder, with a fuel injection (Wragg, 56). Further, in 1926, more advancement was made in the engine modification and an air-cooled radial engine, which was lighter, was introduced, marking the beginning of tra nsformation of the Airplanes Designs from engine-focused into size modification, considering that the lighter, air-cooled radial engine made it possible for the aircrafts to fly for longer and carry more weight (Stokes, 153). The Airplanes engine designs advancement was further achieved courtesy of a V-8 engine that was an improvement on the previous four-cylinder engine, which then introduced the aspect of direct fuel injection in aircraft engines, as well as the evaporative water cooling concept that allowed the water cooling the engine to evaporate, thus making the aircrafts even lighter, making it possible for the engine to generate a high power of 50 hp (Anderson, 44). The advancement in the Airplane Design saw the rise of the 3-cylinder semi radial fan-engine, which forthwith introduced the concept of aircraft engine using a fan, as opposed to the previous cooling of the engine using water, in 1909 (Wragg, 51). Consequently, it was now possible to fly an aircraft that was much heavier than the air, and the design aspect of the aircraft changed focus from the engine to the body of the aircrafts, with the transformation of the wings to make them thinner and more efficient, while the safety concerns were further addressed through interior designs that incorporated seat designs that were able to remain in place

Strategic Management Plan for Sear's Holding Company Term Paper

Strategic Management Plan for Sear's Holding Company - Term Paper Example Sears Roebuck & Company was planned to enter into a merger with Kmart by Edward Lampert who worked as a hedge-fund manager. The merger was initiated with the aim to intensify the existence of Sears and create Sears Holding Corporation. However, the financial position of Sears Holding Corporation seemed to be worsening post merger along with a drop in their share prices. The company was learnt to be over burdened with debt. A drop was also experienced in the volume of sales of the company. Owing to all these reasons, the company was facing a huge dip in its share prices. To add more, the adjusted earnings of the company were predicted to drop considerably along with a cash crisis. The company had also failed to make payments for its respective credit lines (Laing, 2011). The waning sales, over expending on restructuring the stores, poor merchandising and unwise micromanaging was suffered by the company due to which the share price of the company was estimated to witness a decline by around 50%. As per the Fitch ratings, the company was ranked in the junk territory in terms of its debt. Furthermore, the liquidity of the company was expected to remain insufficient in the year 2012, in case the company fails to exploit the markets for fresh cash. On the other hand, the company was stated to hold a considerable share of inventory along with a significant portfolio of the possessed real estate which ranged from $8 billion to $10 billion. However, the worth of the real estate which was chiefly situated at the Borders was required to be ascertained. Therefore, with the aim to avoid such insufficiency of funds, the company is required to set an appropriate strategic management plan which would assist the company to a significant extent to overcome its seriou s financial crunch by bringing in fresh funds (Laing, 2011). The fresh strategic management plan for the company should entail few considerable alterations in its stores by getting rid of the entire soft-line inventories for the reason of enhancing the sales. The soft-line inventories would entail the poorly performing shoes, jewelry and apparel which have been believed and observed to lack the ability of appealing to the customers in the arena of soft-lines. Hence, it is required for the company to amalgamate few of the outstanding part of the inventory with the offerings of Kmart (Albrecht, Brainard, Fadgen, Jackson & Sengbusch, 2009). The company should also focus on expanding few of its product lines such as the kitchen appliances and dining furnitures. The company should also undertake necessary steps to intensify the advertising activities related to the electronic products that are offered. The mentioned alterations along with the additions would prove to be sufficient to rep lace the soft-lines products to a significant extent. The company should also try and shift its concentration on catalogue & internet retail, automotive repair, consumer appliances as well as electronics retail and supply of building material in order to diversify and attain competitive advantage. In order to strengthen the defensive walls of the company, it needs to consider the options of entering into a few selected partnerships with certain companies, particularly in the field of automotive care (Albrecht, Brainard, Fadgen, Jackson & Sengbusch, 2009). To augment the demand of the amended platform or array of products as well as services, the company requires shifting its degree of emphasis to the adults of the middle class varying from 25 years to 64 years as this particular age group is considered to hold the

Factors Involved in the Tanker Contract Essay Example for Free

Factors Involved in the Tanker Contract Essay Issues that relate to security are of key concern to all nations (Meyer, 2007). The national security and internal defense are some of the sectors that are allocated lump sums of resources in the budgetary allocation (Meyer, 2007). Such allocations are in line with the perceived importance that the area of defense has. The united states as a country is no stranger to conflict and is one of the country that has been involved in external conflict for long periods of time both in the 20th and 21st century (Meyer, 2007). The politics involved in the security are some of the most interesting and widely covered happenings in the US press. Financial power is seen to go in line with military power in that countries that have the financial ability tend to develop their military capabilities and the same can be said of countries that have military abilities. National security is an area of key concern and therefore there is lots of secrecy involved in its dealings (Meyer, 2007). The nature of the deals often require utmost confidentiality from the parties involved and therefore many transactions happen in well defined and approved channels. The military association are developed with time and may be extended to association in other areas since its better to develop good relations with persons with security details that could be detrimental to the country if leaked (Meyer, 2007). The military world has been developing with technological improvements and the military equipments currently being used are characterized by more accuracy and considerable throughput (Verkuil, 2007). These two factors are but a few of the considerations in choosing a partner or a contractor that will help in developing certain aspects of the security system (Verkuil, 2007). It therefore does not come as a surprise that military procurement procedures and processes have considerable controversy since people have varied views on efficiency and security implications (Verkuil, 2007). This research paper analyses the issues involved in the airforce contract tender to build tankers between Boeing and Northrop Grumman with the aim of highlighting key issues involved in addressing security critical details. Background Boeing KC-767 is one of the military aerial refueling strategy that had been developed by Boeing 767-200 (CBS News, 2008). The tanker was designated KC-767 after it was selected by the US airforce to replace the KC-135s. However, in December of 2003, the contract was frozen after corruption allegation on the bidding process were forwarded. The development of the project is said to have cost Boeing over $ 1 Billion as the project was based on the assumption that the US airforce will be the chief consumer. Ever since the freezing of the project the Italian and the Chinese government have each ordered a number of these tankers. To address the KC-X competition the Boeing offered the 7627-200 Long range freighter which is based on the KC-767 (Online News Hour, 2008). However, the Department of defense selected KC-30 which was developed by Northrop Grumman (CBS News, 2008). The Boeing company on the 11th March 2008 submitted a protest on the decisions made by the airforce, the United States accountability office upheld their protests and in so doing the status of the KC-45A was placed in doubt and therefore the Boeing company was again in position to bid for the contract (CBS News, 2008). This was no to be since the US government in September 2008 terminated all bids on the KC-X (CBS News, 2008). In March 2002, the US airforce selected Boeings KC-767 on the grounds that it had clearly demonstrated the abilities to meet their requirements. The United States Airforce (USAF) in their acceptance statement brought out four points that they cited as being behind their decision (CBS News, 2008). The Boeings design was designated KC-767A and was included in DODs 2004 model designation report. Approximately 100 KC-767 tankers were leased from Boeing for the air refueling program. Even though the refueling program was in place in many countries in the US, many had questions about its effectiveness and cost implications especially the idea of leasing crafts which may never have any buyer once the lease period was over. This argument brought forward by senator McCain was however countered by the number of US allies who were more than willing to buy their used crafts (CBS News, 2008). The congressional budget office was next in line as they criticized the budget stressing on its fiscal irresponsibility (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008). This led to the striking of a deal where the state would buy 80 KC-767 and lease twenty (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008). However, in December of 2003, the pentagon announced that the project had to be frozen due to a corruption allegation brought against one of its former staffer (CBS News, 2008). Furthermore, documentations that proved that the A330 based tankers were more suited to the task specifications of the airforce were more cost effective relative to Boeing tankers were found (CBS News, 2008). The scandal led to the sentencing of the culprit who pleaded guilty to corruptions and led to the resignation of Boeings CEO. Donald Rumsfeld in 2006 announced the cancellation of the KC-767A leases as a measure aimed at cutting the costs and a redefinition of the USAF mission (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008). The defense secretary further stated that the move will not in any way affects the mission of the KC-767A as the upgrade of the KC-135s fleets will help in moving towards the goals (United States Government Accountability Office, 2008). However, the development did no affect the relationships between Boeing and its other customers. The development were however short lived and Boeing and Northrop were soon back in the ring fighting for a big defense contract. The basis of Boeings arguments was that the KC-30 was more versatile and had a large furl capacity than the KC-135 that were being used by the airforce. The KC-135 was developed by Boeing who were bidding for an airforce contract against their nemesis Northrop Grumman . The latter won this round of battle as the departments of defense announced that it has won the tender to procure 179 new KC-45A tankers (Online News Hour, 2008). The Boeing company almost immediately took to the Government Accountability Office and filed a protests claiming the evaluation of its KC-30 was unfair (Online News Hour, 2008). Boeing further claimed that its refueling tanker could easily be reconverted to a passenger plane compared to Northrops version as shown in the Air forces post decision briefing. According to Boeings vice president they had more strengths than their competitors was all he heard from the post decision briefing. Boeings protests led to a review of the selection process by the accountability office which forced Northrop to freeze the project which it had already allocated $ 35 billion (Online News Hour, 2008). Northrop Grumman executives are on the other hand highlighting the irresponsibility involved in freezing a critical project to the development of the military for expensive lobbying in the congress that will inevitably lead to a change of the decisions made by the airforce (Online News Hour, 2008). Northrop Grumman executives further claim the decision is ironic since they put their best efforts in ensuring that the airforce receives a products that they consider the best in consideration of the design (Online News Hour, 2008). They are pushing for the public knowledge of the facts of what they represents and what they are not. The congress was divided sharply on this issue and so was the general public. Boeing supporters claim that the Northrop Grumman design was a basic passenger airbus plane (Online News Hour, 2008). A Kansas congress man was cited claiming that the decisions made by the airforce was a bad one as the airforce as it has bend backwards to deal with a French company (Online News Hour, 2008). Boeings die hards near its main production facility claimed that it is the only true tanker manufacturers and a mistake had been made (Online News Hour, 2008). A Washington senator supported this point of view and claimed that offering a military contract to a foreign company was suicidal and would incapacitate Americas ability to develop their own fleet if they should ever pull out of the deal (Online News Hour, 2008). An Alabama state senators is of a different view and approached the subject from a resource allocations view point (Online News Hour, 2008). People near Northrop are bound to benefit more that those near the Boeing plants and therefore there senators have opinions that display their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the resource allocations (Online News Hour, 2008). She further states that there have to be losers and winner either way (Online News Hour, 2008). The Boeing group further accuse the airforce of a change in parameter in order to accommodate the design put up by Northrop Grumman so as to ensure two bidders are present (Online News Hour, 2008). Even though many are of the view that the airforce was trying to lock out Boeing due to the scandals it previously had, Boeing executives were of the view that was not the case as the specifications that were asked by the airforce were changed considerably to ensure Northrop was in the race (Online News Hour, 2008). They further claim that the large sized tanker proposed by the Northrop was a liability and only countries not interested in their taxi ways would allow for such aircrafts. The Northrop group however counter this argument by stating that their design is more sophisticated and has advantages that are yet to be seen (Online News Hour, 2008). Issues Boeing is one of the worlds best known manufactures of aircrafts and so is Northrop Grumman who are the manufacturers of the airbus (Online News Hour, 2008). These are two top brands who are obviously competing in other areas of business and therefore any decision that involve them is bound to raise considerable heat. It should b noted that both are American companies though Northrop Grumman is partly owned by a French company. The nature of the contract which involves the security of America as a nation is a matter of national concern as it involves the development of structures that could ensure the growth of security systems. Boeing and Grumman being business structures, such a big contract will obviously attract the interest of stakeholders from both sides. There are a number of key issues that have been brought out by the airforce contracts which include: i. Politics Military contracts are a matter of public concern since it is in place to protect the public, the resources used in the military contracts are derived from taxpayers and therefore the failure of such projects will be a waste of taxpayers money (Meyer, 2007). When McCain questioned the cost effectiveness in leasing planes that would otherwise have no values when their lease period was over his motive as the senator of Alabama was to ensure that the taxpayers money is channeled to useful projects. Furthermore, it is quite clear that the politicians have the ability to shoot down potentially useful deals due to what Northrop Grumman executives refer to as expensive lobbying. Politics is not always objective for there are situations where the stakes involved are shielded from the public and though the politics and viewpoints will be developed to suit the public, the real reasons are often personal (Meyer, 2007). The inclusion of politics in such cases therefore has both advantages and disadvantages and should be weighed carefully. Military procurement just like any other public procurement scheme is prone to corruption, this was the case in the original contract that was brought to an end by Rumsfeld in 2006. Moreover, the big money involved in military procurement processes act as a natural catalysts for corruption, therefore there is need to come up with a robust self regulated systems that will ensure that such unethical practices are not in anyway included in the procurement process, the congress thus comes into the picture (Meyer, 2007). However, the political system is not known for its objectivity. In the cases, some of the reasons brought out against Northrop Grumman are flimsy and lack in objectivity. The fact that there will be lobbying is a clear sign that there will be loss in objectivity thus the decision will tend to favor groups that are be able to garner enough political support in the congress. Furthermore, the political system is one of the most corrupt system there is and the rationale in placing such a system to guard against corruption is questionable. ii. Security Military procurement is a security critical matter (Meyer, 2007). The military is in place to ensure that the US is protected against its external enemies (Meyer, 2007). The seriousness with which the equipment tendering process is treated and the keen eye that the media watches the unfolding of such events relay the importance placed on the military by the American people. The US is traditionally a fighting nation and the effectiveness of its military and equipments is one of the factors that has cemented its place as a world power. Military activities require high levels of secrecy (Meyer, 2007). There is need to come up with effective equipments that can be used in varied situations. It should be noted that the arguments brought forward by the executives from both sides are centered around the superiority of their products or the weaknesses of their opposite. The need for accuracy and well developed products that have the required reputation are some of the considerations that led to the two big companies making it to the final stage. The two companies are multinationals that have developed their brands all over the globe. It is noteworthy that when the US defense secretary cancels Boeings leases other nations still seek their products and are continues seeking the products that have been labeled cost ineffective due to the reputation associated with their brand name. The importance of the security system is seen in the number of avenues and legislative systems that have been put in place to ensure that the process is done in a just manner (Krishnan, 2008). When the airforce declares that Northrop Grumman had won the bid for the airforce tankers, Boeing seeks redress through a different avenue: Public accountability office. The office looks at their complaints and decides to freeze the process. It should be noted that it was the same office that had early in the decades frozen a billion dollar Boeing contract due to corruption charges. Even though there are systems put in place to ensure proper procedures in procurement of services and services, they can be outdone easily (Krishnan, 2008). The corruption allegations made in the initial Boeing contracts are a clear case where the protocols were overridden and it only came to realization a couple of months after the contracts had been signed. Furthermore, the fact that is was later found out that a different design could meet the specifications made by the airforce with reduced costs clearly show that even though the guidelines are put in place they are rarely followed thus the need for a system or authority that will follow up on the recommendations and processes to ensure that they conform to the laid out guidelines. Some politicians have argued that the French affiliation of the airbus manufacturer is in itself a security risk and therefore a purely American company should be contracted. However, such a contracting systems will obviously lock out other capable companies and therefore bring about questions on the integrity of the bidding process. America has prided itself as being a liberalized nation, putting up measures that will lock out other qualified members on the basis of the compositions of its investors is contrary to the spirit of liberalization. Furthermore, being involved with a company that has partnered with a success story in Europe shields the tanker project from American economic downtimes though it effectively ensures that the project is affected by the happening in Europe. It is unrealistic to lobby for Boeing on the basis of confidentiality; a company that has already shown traces of corruption cannot be trusted and neither can a company that is yet to prove its worth in the military sector. Therefore, system should be put in place to ensure that the projects are monitored and compared to some given standards if either is to be awarded the contract. iii. Stability The US is the father of capitalism and is therefore a country that is characterized by intense competition between industry players who will always be on the look for additional finances that will ensure their development into the future (Verkuil, 2007). On the day it was reported that Northrop Grumman had won the military contracts its share prices rose by over 20 cents and Boeings shares fell by a couple of cents (CBS News, 2008). Note, the development in the contract procurement were being watched by investors who will then make their decisions on which company to invest in. Even though the large money involved in the transactions may be enough to lure investors into channeling their resources to a particular company, the reputation involved in being a company contracted with one of the worlds best airforce to develop its aircraft tankers is enough to cause significant changes in the companys share index. Being a capitalistic economy where entities gain at the expense of others, Boeing is bound to feel the pinch. The situation is made worse by the consideration that Boeing has a well developed reputation and therefore failure to win a contract from a partner that it has associated with for a long time may be taken by the investors and its consumers in the wrong light. It may imply that the partner does not trust its capacity to develop superiors products or has doubts on its potential to remain productive. To bring the idea of reputation into perspective, many are of the notion that the corruptions charges brought against Boeing may have affected its chances of successfully bidding for the contract (Verkuil, 2007). This holds considerable weight in that the military is not all about facilities but also reputation. The American people and its enemies will always keep a keen eye on the military and any transactions conducted with a partner who is proved to be corrupt will dent on its integrity thus its reputation. Conclusion Awarding a contract to a company to deliver services that are of public interest is a complex process and will always involve the media and many other systems that have been put in place to ensure the safety of the public. Individual good and interest will always be central in the arguments brought forward by most people, this is more pronounced if the contract will significantly affect many people. It is therefore upon the government and the social systems to ensure that the systems put in place to ensure effectiveness of the bidding process are functioning properly and are robust enough to deal with the dynamism associated with such processes. If need be, changes must be instituted to ensure that the system are functioning. The products delivered must measure up to some predetermined standards to ensure quality and accountability. These measures and other quality management measures if well integrated into the bidding and implementation of contracts that are of public interest will ensure that the public benefits in the best possible way. Word Count: 3271 Reference List CBS News (2008). Boeing Spurned On Huge Air Force Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2008/02/29/business/main3894669. shtml? source=RSSattr=Business_3894669 Krishnan, A. (2008). War as Business: Technological Change and Military Service Contracting. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Meyer, J. (2007). Working in a War Zone: Military Contractors. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Online News Hour (2008). Boeing, Northrop Grumman Clash Over Tanker Contract. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http://www. pbs. org/newshour/bb/military/jan-june08/tanker_05-06. html. United States Government Accountability Office (2008). Statement Regarding the Bid Protest Decision Resolving the Aerial Refueling Tanker Protest by The Boeing Company. Retrieved 13 October 2008 from http://www. governmentexecutive. com/pdfs/061808cd1. pdf Verkuil, R. (2007). Outsourcing Sovereignty: Why Privatization of Government Functions Threatens Democracy and what We Can Do about it. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Tacoma Narrows Bridge Essay -- Architecture Engineering History Bridge

Tacoma Narrows Bridge One of the most influential engineering discoveries in the past century was the ill-fated Tacoma Narrows Bridge. â€Å"Galloping Gertie† as she was known to local residents, the massive Washington state suspension bridge shook, rattled and rolled its way into the history books. Legendary in its time, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge held many records and drew tourists from around the world in its short life. However, the famous bridge is not known for its creative engineering or speedy construction, unfortunately the bridge was destined to fail. That failure in turn changed the way every building is constructed today as well as further man’s understanding of physics and the forces of nature. In this paper we will examine the history of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge from design to construction, the failure of the bridge, and ultimately the rebuilding project. The bridge was constructed roughly 8 miles west of downtown Tacoma and 40 miles south of Seattle. This area of Washington is a maze of waterways and islands named the Puget Sound where the Pacific Ocean meets the mainland of Washington. The original build location is known as the Tacoma Narrows, due to the proximity of Olympic Peninsula and the mainland. The Olympic Peninsula is home to beaches, the Hoh Rain Forest, the Olympic Mountains and the Victorian Seaport. The span between shores is about a mile wide which is surprisingly the closest in all 20,000 square miles of Puget Sound, hence the name Tacoma Narrows. The Olympic Peninsula rests in the middle of the Puget Sound in Western Washington and is home to wildlife, hunting and fishing, and a few fledgling communities in the 1930’s. State officials had been p... ... due for completion in 2008. Today 90,000 vehicles cross the Tacoma Narrows a day, in the next 5 years the Washington Toll Authority Projects the bridges to transport 120,000 vehicles a day. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge was possibly the luckiest engineering catastrophe if there ever was one. Despite the very real danger, no human life was lost and engineers and the human race alike are better off for it. Bibliography: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge http://euclid.ucc.ie/applmath/projects/bridge/ http://www.brantacan.co.uk/osclinks.htm http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/Exhibits/Tacoma_Narrows/DSmith/photos.html http://www.civl.port.ac.uk/comp_prog/tacoma/design.htm http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/tnb/ http://www.nwrain.net/~newtsuit/recoveries/narrows/narrows.htm http://www.vibrationdata.com/Tacoma.htm

Emotional Labour

RESEARCH PROPOSAL – EXAMPLE 1 Project Title Emotional Labour and Gender in the Hospitality Industry Research Context The idea that there is an ‘emotional’ aspect to work seems to have only gained academic credence in recent years. Hochschild (1983) originally introduced the concept of emotional labour in her study of flight attendants and bill collectors. Since then various researchers have subsequently expanded the topic to various different types of workers including teachers (Blackmore 1996), nurses (James 1992; O'Brien 1994), lawyers (Pierce 1996), police (Stenross ; Kelinman 1989) and caterers (Phornprapha ; Guerrier 1997).Emotional labour could be seen as the management or display of appropriate emotions while working, requiring ‘one to induce or suppress feeling in order to sustain the outward countenance that produces the proper state of mind in others. ’ (Hochschild 1983:7). A medium sized chain of English pubs has agreed to participate in th e study and will be referred to as the ‘Coaching Inn Company’ The company has grown rapidly, and developed a portfolio of approximately 170 individual units widely spread around England.Most of these outlets offer accommodation and food, often with a relatively low reliance on wet (alcohol) sales, reflecting the apparent trends of the pub-going market towards other revenue generators such as food and accommodation (Williams 1996). The company has a relatively ‘soft’ type of branding, with a number of individual outlets of differing character, each supporting a wide customer base. In the past it had been the policy of head office to give unit managers quite a free hand in the running of their property.However, there has been an increasing level of standardisation in some areas (with more standardised wine lists, menus, and accommodation offers, such as weekend breaks), and a central reservations system was increasingly used for accommodation. This approach t o branding, with the unit distinctiveness being valued by head office and seen as a marketing opportunity, provided an early hint about the organisation’s likely approach to emotional labour. Research AimThe project aims to explore the nature of emotional labour in service interaction in United Kingdom public houses, and explore the extent to which it is affected by the gender of individual staff members. Key research objectives 1. To identify the impacts caused by emotional labour among employees involved in pub service. 2. To discover and evaluate coping strategies utilised by service staff engaged in the performance of emotional labour in relation to those suggested by employers, trainers and in the literature. . To recommend measures that could be adopted by organisations and individuals to improve employees’ experience of emotional labour to the benefit of employers, employees and customers. Overview of the Literature Literature There are various different types o f emotional labour including ‘personalizing an impersonal relation’ (Hochschild 1983:109), refraining from reacting to abusive behaviour, and maintaining a perpetual, sincere smile’ (Macdonald ; Sirianni 1996:9).Hochschild (1983) introduced the term ‘feeling rules’ to explain emotional norms, although if Scherer’s (1996) definition of emotion, including not only feeling but also neurophysiological responses and motor expression, is to be adopted, the implied dominance of ‘feeling’ should be treated cautiously. Ashforth and Humphrey (1993:89) approach this issue by suggesting that ‘display rules’ is a more appropriate term, as emotional labour appears to be primarily concerned with ‘publicly expressed’ emotions.Both of these concepts appear to have value, although neither, taken individually, satisfactorily includes all the elements of emotion and emotional labour, and a combination of both seems more appr opriate. Display rules may seem more useful in the study of the subject, especially from a behaviourist point of view, but to fully understand their nature and impacts, actual feelings, cognition and physiological state should probably be examined as well. Various possible negative impacts of emotional labour on staff have been suggested including job stress (Adelmann 1995) employee burnout (Ledgerwood et al. 997), emotional exhaustion (Wharton 1993), and feeling ‘phony’ when portraying false emotion to customers (Hochschild 1983). It should be pointed out, however, that positive effects of emotional labour have also been suggested with staff often enduring some less pleasant aspects of service work for ‘the chance to interact with other people’ (Riley et al 1998) and gaining satisfaction from such work. Weatherly ; Tanisk (1993) examined various methods used by customer-contact workers to deal with role stress that seem relevant to emotional labour.These i nclude: 1. Actual avoidance of contact, perhaps by avoiding eye contact so as not to have to take an order or deal with a complaint. 2. Reacting to and/or educating the client – Hochschild (1983:127) recounts an incident when a flight attendant was asked by a customer why she wasn’t smiling; she tried to pass the role onto him, asking him to smile and telling him to ‘freeze, and hold that for fifteen hours. ’ 3. Engaging customers (e. g. asking them for help) in the service provision to distract them from making demands. . Mindlessness, relying on scripts and pre-programmed behaviour for fulfilling a role. 5. Over-acting, ascribing their actions to a role rather than themselves as individuals. Public Houses There has been relatively little academic research in the public house sector in recent years. This is of some concern given the considerable size of this part of the hospitality industry – it has been suggested that pubs represent the third most popular type of eating out establishment in the UK (Mintel Publications 1991).The public house environment seems likely to require a considerable amount of emotional labour when dealing with customers due to the consumption of alcohol that takes place. This is likely to lead to a level of ‘disinhibition’ (Smith 1985a:32) of customer behaviour that could cause problems for staff. The presence and relatively easy access to alcohol could also result in staff developing drinking problems which may affect their work performance generally and emotionally.Pub landlords seem especially susceptible to the demands of emotional labour as, it can be argued that ‘the publicans’ sociability and relational network is focused around the ‘regulars’ who form the dominant group of users’ (Smith 1985a). This suggests that the publican’s social life is dominated by work contacts, especially since most individuals live on the premises. This was partic ularly well demonstrated by Smith (1885b:295) when describing the publican of a ‘rough working-class pub’ who ‘was behind the bar less often than in front of it’ with his regular customers.Relatively little seems to have been written about other service employees in pubs, although these people are in the front-line of the service encounter, and as such, are likely to be able to offer valuable insights into emotional labour. Gender Gender issues have been addressed in much of the literature dealing with both emotional labour (e. g. Hochschild 1983; Pierce 1996) and pubs/alcohol (e. g. Hey 1986; Hunt ; Satterlee 1987; Gough ; Edwards 1998).Some (if rather dated) literature deals with gender differences in the pub trade. Hey (1986:43), for instance, suggested that the female bar staff member is expected to be a ‘sexually provocative, friendly, sympathetic, and ‘mature’, experienced woman’, while male bar staff ‘wear dark suits, bow ties, shake cocktail mixers and are monstrously efficient. ’ More recently, Folgero ; Fjeldstadt (1995) suggested that women employed in the service industry are likely to be subjected to sexual harassment by both colleagues and customers.Hey (1986:44) considered that women bar staff were expected to be ‘socially available’ and engage in ‘Pseudo-flirtation’ when a customer purchases a drink for them, although suggesting such expectations are limited to female staff appears to disagree with the researchers personal experience when working as a male bar person. Research Design This will be an empirical research. It is proposed to conduct a small number of case studies in a selection of public houses, preferably owned and operated by a single chain.A single case study may produce distorted results, as each pub is likely to have unique characteristics and pubs often have relatively small workforces from which to generate data. A detailed study of a l arge number of outlets also seems impractical given time and resource limitations. It is suggested that two pubs could be investigated over a two month period, depending on the type of access granted, allowing the researcher sufficient time to develop a reasonable familiarity with each, and generate sufficient and trustworthy data.It should be stressed, however, that this study aims to explore a relatively new area in considerable depth and will not seek to generalise any findings to the public house industry as the case study approach will be adopted in order to understand the phenomena to be studied rather than their ‘incidence’ (Yin 1989:55). Ethnographic techniques will be utilised with the researcher employing participant observation of the individual pubs to be studied.Fetterman (1998:1) described ethnography as ‘the art and science of describing a group or culture,’ relying largely on participant observation (observation by a field-worker who takes p art in the daily life of the society being studied) for data gathering, although numerous additional data collection techniques are available to the ethnographer for triangulation purposes. This is based on the idea that, by striving to find the locals’ point of view (Narayan 1993) the field-worker will be suitably equipped to understand why individuals within a social group do what they do, not simply recount observed phenomena.The participant observation will be conducted by working as a front-line bar person in each of the sampled pubs. Although this requires the co-operation of individual unit managers from the chain of public houses, major problems of access are not anticipated given the demand for experienced bar staff. This will enable the researcher to develop an in-depth understanding (Sandiford ; Ap 1998) of the outlets, their staff and the processes involved in the emotional labour conducted in the work environment.The participant observation will not be exclusivel y conducted in the work setting, as the social activities of staff are likely to provide a more holistic representation of the emotional demands and effects of pub work. Both informal and formal semi-structured interviews will be conducted with customers, service staff, line management and head office management to gain an insight into the views and experiences of different levels of employees throughout the company.Such interviews will also help audit the project’s findings at each stage of the analysis. Given the large number and different types of pubs in the United Kingdom, it is necessary to develop a view of the types of pub to be sampled. Primary consideration will be given to the size of pub, as, given the project’s objectives, it would be inappropriate to spend a long period of observation in a pub operated solely by a management couple with no, or very few, customer service staff.Giving an arbitrary minimum number of service staff at this stage also seems pre mature, although it is clear that the pubs to be studied should have a sufficient number of service staff, both full and part-time, to enable the researcher to address the research questions effectively. It would be desirable to target a mixture of geographical and demographic pub locations for the study, hopefully including one rural, and one urban setting which would provide different perspectives for the research and result in a variety of service phenomena for analysis.A flexible time plan has been developed, with the two months to review the literature more fully, conduct the pilot study and seek formal access to a pub company for the main study. The next 2 months will be used to collect the data, with on-going analysis, followed by 2 months for completing the analysis and the final report. Ethics Participant observation presents researchers with various ethical dilemmas, as to inform research subjects that they are being investigated can result in them behaving abnormally.Howe ver, it is felt that participating in the pubs to be studied for relatively long periods will help the researcher to integrate well into the work team even when known to be a researcher, and allow other members of staff to accept the researcher, thus minimising abnormal behaviour. Customers seem to present more of an ethical question, as it is not practical to explain to each one that they are being observed (Franklin 1985:9). In this project, however, staff and their reactions to the emotional demands of the job are the main foci of attention so it is felt that this is a relatively minor problem.Treatment of the Data The data will take various forms – the researcher will keep a daily personal journal containing field notes, personal observations and reflections on situations that arise; formal (and some informal) interviews will be recorded on audio tape whenever possible, and transcribed to avoid mistakes and mis-interpretations copies of these will be issued to interviewee s, when possible, for member checking, following a similar audit trail to that used by Sandiford (1997) especially related to the interpretation of data; relevant company documentation (e. g. raining manuals, policy statements, etc. ) will be examined, if permitted, to provide additional information related to emotional labour within the company. The data will undergo ethnographic analysis in order to develop a full picture of emotional labour. The researcher will follow the framework utilised in his MPhil research (Sandiford 1997) and outlined by Spradley (1980). Such a systematic approach to the analysis, through three major stages, will result in the reconstruction of audited cultural themes related to the phenomenon of emotional labour which will provide the basis for the resultant thesis.Planning See Gantt chart in Appendix A for a breakdown of the activities and the time required to complete them. Resources Required * Main researcher for 6 months, bar experience essential * Ty pist for 5 days to transcribe interviews * Access to academic library databases and Inter Library Loan * Digital voice recorder to record interviews (? 80) * Laptop to record daily logs while away from home (? 400) * Transport costs to and from Pubs, if pub not local (up to ? 200) * Accommodation if pub not local (? 1600) * Binding (? 100) Risk AnalysisRisk| Impact (I)| Prob (P)| I x P| Contingency| 4 week observation can’t be completed| 3| 1| 3| Organise stand-by pub, optionally delay completion of research| Data lost| 3| 1| 3| Ensure regular backups to secure source| Companies/Pubs won’t participate| 3| 2| 6| Establish possibilities early. Take advantage of 1:1 networking opportunities. Solicit help from members of ULMS| Technology fails| 2| 1| 2| Ensure backup solutions are available| Lack of co-operation with bar staff| 3| 1| 3| Ensure they understand the non-threatening nature of the study – not management driven.Provide support and understanding of their s ituation. | Quality Criteria Interview questions to be approved by supervisor and Head office contact before being used. Minimum of 6 weeks spent observing bar interactions Minimum of 6 interviews with customers Minimum of 8 bar staff interviews (at least 2 part-time and 2 full-time, and at least 3 males and 3 females) Minimum of 2 Bar manager interviews At least 1 interview with head office staff All interview transcripts to be approved by interviewee before being analysed All references to company to be made anonymous before publishing.Dissertation to be written using plain English, 12pt Roman, double spaced, Harvard Referencing, bound in maroon cloth covered boards with gold lettering. Monthly progress updates to supervisor and Head office contact. References Adelmann, P. K. (1995) ‘Emotional Labor as a Potential Source of Job Stress’, in, S. L. Sauter, L. R. Murphy (Eds. ) Organizational risk factors for job stress, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association , 371-381. Ashforth, B. E. ; Humphrey, R. H. (1993) ‘Emotional Labour in Service Roles: The Influence of Identity’, Academy of Management Review, 18, 1, 88-115. Blackmore, J. 1996) ‘Doing ‘Emotional Labour’ in the Education Market Place: Stories from the Field of Women in Management’, Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 17, 3, 337-349. Fetterman, D. (1998) Ethnography Step bySstep (2nd Ed. ) London: Sage. Folgero, Ingebjorg S. ; Fjeldstadt, Ingrid H. (1995) ‘On Duty – Off Guard: Cultural Norms and Sexual Harassment in Service Organizations’, Organization Studies, 16, 2, 299-313Franklin 1985:9). Gough, B. ; Edwards, G. (1998) ‘The Beer Talking: Four Lads, a Carry Out and the Reproduction of Masculinities,’ The Sociological Review, 46, 409-435.Hammersley, M. ; Atkinson, P. (1983) Ethnography: Principles in Practice, London: Routledge. Hey, V. (1986) Patriarchy and Pub Culture, London: Tavisto ck. Hochschild, A. R. , (1983). The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. University of California Press, London. Hunt, Geoffrey ; Satterlee, Saundra (1987) Darts, Drink and the Pub: The Culture of Female Drinking,’ Sociological Review, 35, 3, Aug, 575-601 James, N. (1992) ‘Care = Organisation + Physical Labour + Emotional Labour’ Sociology of Health and Illness, 14: 4, Dec, 488-509. Ledgerwood, C. E. , Crotts, J. C. amp; Everett, A. M. (1998) ‘Antecedents of Employee Burnout in the Hotel Industry’, Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4, 31-44. Macdonald, C. L. ; Sirianni, C. (Eds. ) (1996) Working in the Service Society, Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Mintel Publications (1991) ‘Eating out,’ Leisure-Intelligence, 1, 1-28. Narayan, K. (1993), ‘How Native Is A Native Anthropologist? ’ American Anthropologist. Vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 671-686 O'Brien, M. (1994) ‘The Managed Heart Revisited: Heal th and Social Control’, Sociological-Review, 42: 3, Aug, 393-413 Phornprapha, S. & Guerrier, Y. 1997) ‘Restaurant Staff and their Supervisors: The Management of Emotions’, paper presented at The Fourth Recent Advances in Retailing and Services Science Conference, Scottsdale, Arizona, 30 June-3 July. Pierce, J. (1996) ‘Rambo Litigators: Emotional Labour in a Male-Dominated Occupation’, in C. Cheng, (Ed. ) Masculinities in Organizations, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, pp. 1-28 Riley, M. , Lockwood. , A. , Powel-Perry, J. , & Baker, M. (1988) ‘Job Satisfaction, Organisation Commitment and Occupational Culture: A Case from the UK Pub Industry’, Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4. 59-168 Sandiford, P. J. & Ap, J. (1998) ‘The Role of Ethnographic Techniques in Tourism Planning. ’ Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, August 1998, 3-11 Sandiford, P. J. (1997), Social and Cultural Impacts of Imported Labour at the New Chek Lap Kok Airport Development, Hong Kong, Unpublished M. Phil Thesis, The Department of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Scherer, K. R. (1996) ‘Emotion’, in M. Hewstone, W. Stroebe & G. M. Stephenson (Eds) Introduction to Social Psychology, 2nd. Ed. , Oxford: Blackwell Smith, M.A. (1985a) ‘The Publican: Role Conflict and Aspects of Social Control,’ Service Industries Journal, 5: 1 March, 23-36. Smith, M. A. (1985b) ‘A Participant Observer Study of a ‘Rough' Working-Class Pub,’ Leisure Studies, 4, 3, Sept, 293-306 Spradley, J. P. (1980) Participant Observation, Orlando: Rinehart and Winston Stenross, B. & Kleinman, S. (1989) ‘The Highs and Lows of Emotional Labor: Detectives’ Encounters with Criminals and Victims’, Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 17, 4, January, 435-452 Weatherly, Kristopher A. & Tansik, David A. 1993) ‘Tactics Used by Customer-Contact Workers: Effects of Role Stress, Boundary Spanning and Control’, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 4, 3, 4-17 Wharton, A. S. (1993) ‘The Affective Consequences of Service Work: Managing Emotions on the Job,’ Work and Occupations, 20, 2, May, 205-232 Williams, C. E. (1996) ‘The British Pub: An Industry in Transition,’ Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 37, 6, 62-73. Yin, R. K. (1989) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, London: Sage. Appendix A – Project Plan

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